Update & Electricity Review

Weekly Update
Hope you all had a great Family Day weekend! Here is a quick update on the week ahead.

Science -Test is scheduled for Tuesday, February 25th - See outline below (hard copy will be handed out on Wednesday, February 19th)

Literacy- Body & Concluding Paragraph for persuasive essay - Due Thursday - We will be peer editing during this block 
  
Math- Watch for part 1 of our fraction review being posted later this week. Part 2 will come early next week 


Science Review -Test scheduled for Tuesday, February 25th

Energy Sources

Nonrenewable Sources- Energy sources are considered nonrenewable if they cannot be replenished in a short period of time

Renewable Energy- An energy source that can be replenished naturally such as solar or wind

The 4 nonrenewable energy sources most often used are:

1) Oil and Petroleum products (Advantages: May be built near cities, creates large amounts of electricity, easy to transport Disadvantages: create air pollution, expensive to set up, causes acid rain, and adds to global warming)

2) Natural Gas

3) Coal (Advantages: May be set up near cities, creates large amounts of electricity, coal is the most abundant fuel on earth Disadvantages: Creates air pollution, expensive to set up, causes acid rain, adds to global warming)
4) Nuclear-electric energy (Advantages:maybe built near cities, creates large amounts of electricity, uranium is abundant in Canada Disadvantages: radioactive leaks can cause serious health hazards, very expensive to set up)

Nonrenewable energy sources come out of the ground

The 5 renewable energy sources

1. Hydroelectric Energy- Produced from fast rivers and waterfalls. The water flows into to tubes in front of turbines (Advantages: pollution free, no cost energy source, no fuel required Disadvantages include: expensive to set up, can only be in certain locations)

2. Wind (Advantages- Pollution free, no cost energy source, no fuel required Disadvantages- wind may not blow (no power), wind rotors are noisy, not nice to look at )

3. Tidal electric energy- is produced by trapping rising water of ocean tides- water turns turbine (Advantages: no pollution, no cost energy resource, no fuel required Disadvantages: expensive to setup, does not run continuously)

4. Solar (Advantages- Clean, low maintenance Disadvantages- Cost, weather dependent, geographic limitations)

5. Biomass (advantages: carbon neutral, widely available, can be used in many different forms, helps reduce waste disadvantages: can lead to deforestation, requires lots of space, expensive)

Static Electricity

Definition: Non moving electric charges are called static electricity. Static electric charges jump between objects in an uncontrolled path

-          Static electricity was first observed by Greek philosopher Thales

-          He noticed when amber (a rock like substance) rubbed against fur it became charged. The charged amber could pick up tiny pieces of straw or wood shavings. He noticed that the amber was charged for several hours

Effects of Static Electricity

The electric shocks from statistic electricity are irritating but not deadly. We may receive a shock from such things as wearing socks across a carpet and touching a metal doorknob

Current Electricity

Definition: Moving electric charges are called an electric current. Current electric charges move between objects in a controlled path

-          Current electricity was discovered by the Italian scientist Luigi Galvani in 1786.

-          He noticed a spark could move from one metal, through a frog’s muscle, and exit into another metal

Effects of Current Electricity

-          The electrical shock from a current electricity can be deadly

-          Often a person cannot let go of the object giving the electric shock

-           Electric current passing through the lungs stops breathing causing the person to suffocate

-          To help a victim of electric shock first turn off the power source or pull the victim away with a nonconducting object like wood

Building a Circuit

A circuit is a path containing easily movable charges. When a light bulb lights up, charges are flowing through the wire and bulb. This flow is called a current.

Open Circuit- Is when there is a gap in the circuit preventing the flow of electrical charges

Closed Circuit- Is when there is no gaps in a circuit this allows the electrical charges to flow

Conductor: Are materials with easily movable charges, allowing an electrical current

Examples:

1. Lead
2. Iron
3. Silver
4. Brass
5. Copper

Insulator: Do not have easily movable charges so currents are not easily produced.

Examples:

1. Rubber
2. Glass
3. Yarn
4. Plastic

Voltage- Is a measure of how much electrical energy is in a circuit. Most household circuits operate at 120 volts

 Wattage- Is the energy that is used by a device each second. (It is measured in watts (W) or Kilowatts (KW)

Series Circuit: Is when the components are arranged in a single loop

-          When other light bulbs are added all the bulbs get dimmer

-          When a light bulb or wire is removed all bulbs go out

Parallel Circuit: There is more than one path that the current can take

-          When other light bulbs are added the bulbs still remain bright

-          When one bulb is removed all the other bulbs in the circuit stay on

Peak Demand for Electricity

7:00 A.M - 11:00 A.M

Early Morning- Kids are waking up for schools and people are getting ready to go to work

How the electricity is used:

-          lights are turning on

-          Furnaces are being turned up

-          Hairdryers, electric shavers

-          Breakfast – toaster, kettle, coffee maker

-          Radio

-          Showers

5:00 P.M - 7:00 P.M 

People are returning home from work and school

How the electricity is used:

-          Lights are turning on

-          TV and video games

-          Dinner is being prepared (oven, microwave)

-          Washer/Dryer

-          Showers/Baths